STRUCTURE
“SUBJECTS AND
VERBS”
You know that a sentence in English should have a
subject and a verb. The most common types of problems that you will encounter
in the Structure section of the TOEFL test are related to subject and verbs;
perhaps the sentence is missing either the subject, or the verb, or both; the
sentence has an extra subject or verb.
Example 1
................. Was ringing continuously for hours.
(A) Loudly
(B) In the morning
(C) The
phone
(D) The bells
In this example, you should notice immediately that
there is a verb, was ringing, but
there is no subject. Answer (C) is the best answer because it is a singular
subject that agress with the singular verb was
ringing. Answer (A), loudly, and
answer (B), in the morning, are not
subjects, so they are not correct. Although answer (D), bells, could be a subject, it is not correct because bells isi plural and it does not agree
with the singular verb was ringing.
Example 2
Newspaper ................... every morning
and every evening.
(A) Delivery
(B) Are
delivered
(C) On time
(D) Regularly
In this example, you should notice immediately that
the sentence has a subject, newspaper, but
that there is no verb. Because answer (B), are
delivered, is a verb, it is the best answer. Answer (A), (C) and (D) are
not verbs, so they are not correct.
Example 3
The
plane ............... landing at the
airport in five minutes..
(A) It is
(B) It really is
(C) Is descending
(D) Will be.
That sentence has a subject, plane, and has part of a verb, landing; to be correct, some form of the verb be is needed to make the verb complete. Answer (A) and (B) are incorrect because the sentence already has a subject, plane, and does not need the extra subject it. Answer (C) is correct because descending is an extra part of a verb that is unnecessary because of landing. Answer (D) is the best answer, will be together with landing is a complete verb.
That sentence has a subject, plane, and has part of a verb, landing; to be correct, some form of the verb be is needed to make the verb complete. Answer (A) and (B) are incorrect because the sentence already has a subject, plane, and does not need the extra subject it. Answer (C) is correct because descending is an extra part of a verb that is unnecessary because of landing. Answer (D) is the best answer, will be together with landing is a complete verb.
The
following chart iutlines the key information that you should remember about
subjects and verbs.
SUBJECTS AND VERBS
|
A sentence in English must have at least
one subject and one verb. The first thingn you should do as you read a sentence in the
Structure section of the TOEFL test is to find the subject and the verbs.
|
Exercise: underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in
each of the following sentences. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C)
or incorrect (I).
1.
My best friend always helpful with problems. (I)
2.
The bus schedule has changed
since last week. (C)
3.
Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor. (I)
4.
The customer paying the clerk for the clothes. (I)
5.
The prpfessor handed the
syllabus to the students. (C)
6.
Each day practiced the piano for hours. (I)
7.
The basketball
player tossed the ball into the hoop. (C)
8.
The new student in the class very talkative and friendly. (I)
9.
Walking
with the children to school. (I)
10.
The whales headed south
for two winter. (C)
WRITTEN
EXPRESSION
“PAST
PARTICIPLES AFTER HAVE”
Whenever ypu see the verb have in any of its forms (have,
has, having, had) be sure that
the verb that follows it is in the past participle form.
Example
·
We had complete* the work.
·
They have went* to the market.
In the first example, complete should be the past participle completed because it is after had.
In the second example, went should be the past participle gone because it is after have.
The
following chart outlines the use of verb forms after have.
VERB FORMS AFTER HAVE
|
Have + past participle
|
Exercise: Each of the following sentence contains a verb
formed with have. Underline the
verbs. Then indicate if the sentence are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
1.
We have
already hearing the good news. (I)
2.
She has
ridden her bicycle to school eceryday. (C)
3.
I have
always believe you. (I)
4.
He has find
the missing car keys. (I)
5.
The have put
their money in a savings account. (C)
6.
Their parents have
allowed them to stay up late. (C)
7.
She has
never ran away from home before. (C)
8.
Have you ever saw a ghost? (I)
9.
They have
taken three tests already this week. (C)
1.
He has
offer me a high-paying job. (I)
SOURCE:
Module TOEFL Preparation Course For University Students by Pearson Education. Inc
Peni Larasati with Tim I-Smart University TOEFL.
SOURCE:
Module TOEFL Preparation Course For University Students by Pearson Education. Inc
Peni Larasati with Tim I-Smart University TOEFL.
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